What Causes Milia?
Milia form when dead skin cells and keratin become trapped beneath the outer layer of the skin instead of shedding naturally.
Several factors may contribute to their development.
1. Natural Skin Renewal
Normally, dead skin cells rise to the surface and fall away. When this process is disrupted, keratin can become trapped and form a tiny cyst.
2. Sun Damage
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage the skin and make it more difficult for dead skin cells to shed properly, increasing the likelihood of milia.
3. Heavy Skincare Products
Very thick creams, petroleum-based products, or heavy oils may contribute to clogged skin in some individuals, especially around the delicate eye area.
4. Skin Injury
Burns, blisters, laser treatments, chemical peels, or skin resurfacing procedures can sometimes lead to secondary milia, which develop during the healing process.
5. Aging
As skin ages, cell turnover naturally slows, making it easier for keratin to become trapped beneath the skin.
6. Genetics
Some people are simply more prone to developing milia than others.
Types of Milia
Dermatologists classify milia into several categories.
Neonatal Milia
These appear in newborn babies and usually disappear on their own within a few weeks without treatment.
Primary Milia
These occur in children and adults without an obvious cause and are the most common type.
Secondary Milia
These develop after skin trauma, burns, blistering disorders, or cosmetic procedures.
Multiple Eruptive Milia
This less common form involves many milia appearing over a short period and may require evaluation by a dermatologist.
How to Tell the Difference Between Milia and Acne
Many people mistake milia for whiteheads, but they are quite different.
Milia
- Hard to the touch
- Small white or yellow bumps
- Not painful
- No redness
- Cannot be popped easily
Whiteheads
- Filled with oil and dead skin cells
- Softer
- Often associated with acne
- May become inflamed
- Can sometimes be extracted safely by a trained professional
Understanding the difference is important because acne treatments alone may not remove milia.
